Showing posts with label and. Show all posts
Showing posts with label and. Show all posts
Wednesday, August 2, 2017
Popular Network Equipment and Vulnerability Statistics
Popular Network Equipment and Vulnerability Statistics
According to analytical agencies, Cisco Systems is a manufacturer of the most popular switching and routing equipment for medium-sized and large-scale enterprises (about 64% of the global market). HP Networking holds the second place (approximately 9%). Then follow Alcatel-Lucent (3%), Juniper Networks and Brocade (each 2.3%), Huawei (1.8%) and other manufacturers less outstanding in comparison with the giants but still holding together almost 17.6% of the market.
There is a specific situation in Russia. Besides the products of the abovementioned manufacturers, Nortel and Allied Telesis switches are widely spread in this country. Moreover, devices of such manufacturers as D-Link and NetGear offering equipment to small and medium-sized enterprises are quite frequent. Brocade is still a rare bird in the territory of Russia.
Finally, we can say that equipment of the following manufacturers is the most frequent in server racks and wiring closets of Russian companies: Cisco, HP (including 3Com), Juniper, Avaya (including Nortel), Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei, Allied Telesis, D-Link, NetGear.
The point at issue is to which degree those devices, on which networks are built, are safe. How seriously do manufacturers treat their product safety? We won’t follow a ‘security class’ assigned by an inspection body to each specific gadget. Let’s try to evaluate manufacturers in accordance with the number of well-known vulnerabilities, wherefore the following diagram will be used.
* According to Worldwide Quarterly Enterprise Networks Tracker
** Accroding to cve.mitre.org
Author: Dmitry Kurbatov, Positive Research
Finally, we can say that equipment of the following manufacturers is the most frequent in server racks and wiring closets of Russian companies: Cisco, HP (including 3Com), Juniper, Avaya (including Nortel), Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei, Allied Telesis, D-Link, NetGear.
The point at issue is to which degree those devices, on which networks are built, are safe. How seriously do manufacturers treat their product safety? We won’t follow a ‘security class’ assigned by an inspection body to each specific gadget. Let’s try to evaluate manufacturers in accordance with the number of well-known vulnerabilities, wherefore the following diagram will be used.
What is this data indicating to us? Either Cisco and HP Networking manufacture the least secure devices in the world or these two companies are the most attentive when searching, processing and patching vulnerabilities in their products. We hope it is the second statement which is true.
If a manufacturer does everything right, events develop naturally as follows:
A vulnerability is detected (no matter by whom, it is important that the manufacturer has been informed of it). The manufacturer has some time to prepare a patch package. As soon as the patches (or another solution) are ready information on the vulnerability and variants of its elimination is published.
Unfortunately, this procedure is not always followed. Publication of vulnerability information is acceptance by a company of its own mistake, and not every company is ready to do this. Very often a manufacturer releases a patch package not mentioning that it is intended to close a critical vulnerability.
Recently, for example, specialists of Positive Research have been studying a security line product of one of the industry giants. Practically the whole setup of the product is carried out through a web interface, in which multiple vulnerabilities were detected. And one of them was quite serious – 7.0 in accordance with CVSS v. 2. We informed the manufacturer of it and the patch was released a little bit later, but the manufacturer did not publicly acknowledge this vulnerability and therefore you won’t be able to find any entry of it on cve.mitre.org.
Let’s return to the diagram. As we can see the gap in the number of vulnerabilities between Cisco along with HP Networking and all others is rather huge. However, though the diagram displays only one vulnerability for Juniper equipment, it does not mean that the number of vulnerabilities wasn’t bigger in 2011. The thing is that there is no information about them on cve.mitre.org, one of the most available and complete resource. The registered users of juniper.net can obtain exhaustive information about bugs and vulnerabilities, but it is more difficult to find the same data publicly available.
The same with Avaya, Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei, Allied Telesis, D-Link and NetGear equipment: there are vulnerabilities in software but there is little public information about them. If you don’t know about them, somebody else may know. In other words, keep your eyes open! If vulnerabilities are not published this is not a reason to consider equipment inaccessible: there is still device hardening. To stay on the guard, below is the generalized statistics in accordance with the types of vulnerabilities for 2011-2012 for all mentioned manufacturers.
Denial of service, as usual, is the most wide spread threat to network equipment, but those vulnerabilities which make it possible to execute an arbitrary code in a system are slowly moving closer (by the way, there were twice fewer of them in 2010). Let’s wait and see what will happen.
* According to Worldwide Quarterly Enterprise Networks Tracker
** Accroding to cve.mitre.org
Author: Dmitry Kurbatov, Positive Research
Available link for download
Friday, July 28, 2017
Pokemon Go Hack And Tricks
Pokemon Go Hack And Tricks
1. You can spin your Poké Ball for a nice curve.
youtube.com
When you’re capturing a Pokémon, draw a little circle around your Poké Ball to give it some spin. That will give you a curveball bonus for even more XP.
2. There’s a little icon in the bottom-right corner that tells you how close wild Pokémon are to you.
A silhouette indicates a Pokémon that you haven’t caught yet, and the paw prints indicate how close that Pokémon is. Three paw prints means they’re far away, while one paw print means they’re just a short walk from you.
3. To catch Pokémon properly without wasting Poké Balls, make sure you tap and hold.
Tapping and holding will bring up a green circle around the target Pokémon. That circle will change in size; swipe when the circle is smaller to get a better chance at a capture.
If you time it just right, you’ll get a “nice” or “excellent” throw, which will give you extra XP!
UPDATE: The green circle doesn’t increase chance of capture, but instead only influences the quality of the throw for bonus XP. You’ll want to throw when the circle is larger, as landing your Poké Ball inside the circle will give you the bonus.
4. If you see a yellow circle, that means you’re looking at a Pokémon with higher CP.
CP stands for combat power, and the higher it is, the stronger your Pokémon is. However, high CP Pokémon are also harder to catch. These might swat away your Poké Ball or jump back out of it after a shake or two.
5. Once you get to higher levels, you can use get Razz Berries and Ultra or Master Balls to increase your capture chances.
These items will start appearing for you at Pokéstops once your level is high enough. Razz Berries can be fed to Pokémon to make them easier to catch, and the higher-level Poké Balls will lower their chances of escaping.
6. If you have some time to play, use an incense to get a bunch of Pokémon to come to you.
Everyone starts with two incense items in their backpack. When you use one, wild Pokémon will appear around you at a higher rate for 30 minutes, which helps fill up your Pokédex and level you up.
UPDATE: You’ll catch more Pokémon if you walk while using incense. Users who uncovered the game’s code found that you’ll get approximately one Pokémon every five minutes while standing still, or approximately one Pokémon every 60 seconds while walking assuming you cover at least 200 meters.
7. If you’re out of incense and don’t want to spend money, try heading to a well-populated Pokéstop.
There’s an item called a Lure Module — purchasable in the store — which works a lot like incense, only it’s used at Pokéstops and works for everybody in that area. The more populated the area, the better chance that there will be someone using a module that you can mooch off of!
8. Need more candy in order to evolve your Pokémon? Transfer duplicates to the Professor.
If you check out your roster of Pokémon, you can tap on them and transfer them to Professor Willow in exchange for one candy. It’s best to do this with low-powered Pokémon that you already have more than one of…unless you want 40 Pidgeys.
9. If you find eggs at Pokéstops, make sure to put them in an incubator!
You have an incubator in your backpack that can hold one egg at a time. As you walk, the egg will incubate until it hatches, potentially giving you a new Pokémon and other rewards like candy.
10. Different eggs require different distances, which indicate their rarity.
A 10 km egg is more rare than a 5 km egg, and a 5 km egg is more rare than a 2 km egg. You’re therefore much more likely to get bigger rewards from a 10 km egg than from a 2 km egg.
11. You have a greater chance of finding Pokémon of certain types near their usual habitat.
In other words, you can supposedly find more water-type Pokémon near ponds and lakes, more grass-type Pokémon in the woods, and more dark-type Pokémon at night. You can still find these Pokémon in other places too, they just appear more often in their natural habitat.
We can’t guarantee you’ll find a Ghastly near your stuffed Haunter, though.
12. You can turn off the camera while you’re capturing Pokémon, if you want.
Just in case you want a more animated as opposed to IRL feel.
13. Battery draining too fast? There’s a battery saver option in the Settings menu.
Available link for download
Read more »
Thursday, July 27, 2017
Positive Technologies helps to eliminate critical vulnerabilities in Siemens and Schneider Electric SCADA systems
Positive Technologies helps to eliminate critical vulnerabilities in Siemens and Schneider Electric SCADA systems
Ilya Karpov, a Positive Technologies expert, detected vulnerabilities in products intended for building automation systems in various industries — from petrochemical to power plants.
Ilya found a problem related to clear-text password storage in Schneider Electric systems — InTouch Machine Edition 2014 (version 7.1, Service Pack 3, Patch 4) and InduSoft Web Studio (7.1.3.4), as well as in their previous builds. The vulnerability that got the CVE-2015-1009 identifier and 6.4 base mark though cannot be exploited remotely requires only a low-qualified internal attacker.
Schneider Electric specialists recommend users to install new security updates as soon as possible (a patch for InTouch Machine Edition 2014 and a patch for InduSoft Web Studio) and restrict physical access of the personnel to these systems in order to decrease a potential risk of confidential information disclosure by internal attackers.
In July, Siemens issued a special update for the April note, where it thanked Ilya Karpov for detecting a dangerous and easy-to-use vulnerability that was threatening security of quite a few Siemens SIMATIC-based solutions:
- SIMATIC HMI Basic Panels 2nd Generation — all the versions up to WinCC (TIA Portal) V13 SP1 Upd2;
- SIMATIC HMI Comfort Panels — all the versions up to WinCC (TIA Portal) V13 SP1 Upd2;
- SIMATIC WinCC Runtime Advanced — all the versions up to WinCC (TIA Portal) V13 SP1 Upd2;
- SIMATIC WinCC Runtime Professional — all the versions up to WinCC (TIA Portal) V13 SP1 Upd2;
- SIMATIC WinCC Runtime Professional — all the versions up to WinCC (TIA Portal) V13 SP1 Upd2;
- SIMATIC HMI Mobile Panel 277 (WinCC TIA Portal) — all the versions up to WinCC (TIA Portal) V13 SP1 Upd4;
- SIMATIC HMI Multi Panels (WinCC TIA Portal) — all the versions up to WinCC (TIA Portal) V13 SP1 Upd4;
- SIMATIC WinCC V7.X — all the versions up to V7.3 Upd4;
- SIMATIC PCS 7 — all the versions up to V8.1 SP1.
The CVE-2015-2823 error rated 6.8 allows using user password hash function in order to authenticate locally and remotely at the server. You dont even have to know the password.
All necessary tests for security issues detected in Siemens SIMATIC software have been added to the knowledge base of the PT MaxPatrol vulnerability and compliance control management system.
Positive Technologies started to cooperate with leading ICS vendors long ago. The large-scale study “SCADA safety in Numbers” was presented on 2012. A year later, PT experts created Choo Choo Pwn — an up-to-date large-scale railway model, whose components (trains, railroad crossing gates, and traffic lights) are controlled by an ICS based on three real SCADA systems. The model was used for SCADA security contest at Positive Hack Days, the annual international conference on information security.
In 2014, the contest infrastructure was significantly changed to allow detection of zero-day vulnerabilities within a wider range of systems and industrial protocols including: transport, city lighting system, power plants and various robots. The contest’s winner Alisa Shevchenko was thanked by Schneider Electric for the vulnerabilities she identified.
This years Choo Choo Pwn was even more realistic: the participants couldnt send a command leading to a failure because the traffic security logic wouldnt let that happen. So, the goal of the challenge was to break the transport security means.
Available link for download
Monday, July 24, 2017
Point Guardian Paging Patty Smyth and Don Henley
Point Guardian Paging Patty Smyth and Don Henley
Ben Carver loves superheroes. It is evident, even if he did not tell us in the introduction to the graphic novel of Point Guardian, which collects the plots of the first few issues of Carvers web comic into print for the first time, with Carver re-drawing the stories he initially debuted online back in March of 2004. However, as Ms. Smyth and Mr. Henley* told us awhile back, sometimes love just aint enough.
A little background on how Point Guardian is produced. Carver has a new page out every weekday (and he was redrawing the original pages at the same time that he was drawing NEW pages), so that explains a lot of the sketchiness that comes with his work, as he is writing, pencilling, inking and lettering a page every weekday, which is no easy feat, so it comes as no surprise that the work lacks in the finished quality one would get from work with more time spent on it. At the same time, Carver is also clearly learning as he goes along. If one were to look at the ORIGINAL pages from Point Guardian from March 2004, well, to call them amateurish is to be extremely kind. It is more like something youd see doodled on a napkin, then put onto the web as a page of an actual comic book - not good stuff. That is not the case for his more recent material that makes up the Point Guardian graphic novel. While still sketchy, it has definition and shape that Carver could not have dreamt of two years ago, so thats certainly a good sign.
To wit, here is his original art...
and here is a sample of his current style, which is the same style he uses for the Graphic Novel...
The improvement is marked. Still, though, there is plenty of room for improvement, particularly when it comes to things like body structure, backgrounds, pacing, perception, use of space - however, I think, while each panel works okay on its own, it doesnt work well together. However, he DOES have some basic sequential skill sets, which is nice to see, in that he does tell a clear story. He just needs to make it flow better, and ease off on the sketchiness - it does distract from the story.
And it is the story, I think, that is the biggest attraction to Point Guardian. The story opens with a teenager who is struck by lightning, giving him basic "superman" powers. He is helped by a doctor and her young daughter, who see him struck by the lightning. The book flashes ten years into the future, where we see the man now known as Ultra, the guardian of Point City, California. The daughter of the doctor is now his assistant (think Penny in Inspector Gadget).
The story contains many ideas very recognizable by fans of superheroes, but none of them are rip-offs, just cut from the same cloth as many of the best superhero stories. As I have said before, Carver is clearly nuts about the superhero genre, and a fan of superheroes could certainly find a lot in common with Carvers ideas about superheroes.
The dialogue could use some work, and part three of the Graphic Novel introduces some clumsy Marvel stand-ins (Spider-Man, Wolverine and Colossue analogues, calling themselves the Marvelous Three - although there IS some humor to be found with how Wolverine talks with an Australian accent, just like the original cartoon Wolverine).
In any event, the relatively clumsy story of the beginning of Point Guardian apparently goes away as the series goes on, and other characters are introduced, and relationships become more important, so dont put all your judgment on just this volume. Carver self-published this (and was so kind as to send me a copy), which is a bold move by ANY web-comic maker. And that, in and of itself, is admirable.
Check out his website, collecting the entire run of Point Guardian for free - here - http://www.pointguardian.com/
*Yes, I am referencing an early 90s Adult Contemporary song! So sue me!
Read More
Available link for download
Saturday, July 22, 2017
Pretty Lies An Introduction and Excerpt to My Book
Pretty Lies An Introduction and Excerpt to My Book
Disclaimer: Grab a cup of coffee or cocktail before you read this. You may need it.
We all have dreams. We all have goals. We all have feelings and intuitions in regards to our lifes purpose. Have you ever felt like you were meant to do something? That is how I feel when it comes to writing.
We all have dreams. We all have goals. We all have feelings and intuitions in regards to our lifes purpose. Have you ever felt like you were meant to do something? That is how I feel when it comes to writing.
I am not ridiculously talented at anything in life that would cause me to immensely standout amongst any crowd. I do not have an IQ that is so exceptional, it enabled me to receive scholarships to a top ivy league school. I do not come from background or family that has a prodigious amount of money. When I think about it, I am just an ordinary girl who has extraordinary dreams.
I may not have any outstanding qualities or circumstances that could instantly catapult me to success the way I want it, but I do have a strong mind that is constantly willing to learn, an understanding of hard work and what is required of me, and a heart that though it has been broken and bruised, never gives up. Those qualities are enough to provide me hope; which in my opinion, is the foundation if you want to accomplish anything.
I have dreams of growing Fitness Blondie to be the number 1 destination for all things health, fitness, and weight loss. More so, I want my blog to always be a place where you find hope and inspiration. Health is something so many of us struggle with for our entire lives; and I do not just mean in weight loss. Mental health... emotional health. Self-esteem. All of those issues are related. I want this website to be a resource where you can find ideas, have a laugh, get that bit of motivation to say "OK, I will go to the gym", connect with other people-- make new friends, and know that there is someone out there who genuinely enjoys seeing people happy and will do everything possible to help. Also, I still want to chronicle random and fun things about my everyday life. After all, I call this place my online scrapbook. I read my old posts often and cherish even the most mundane of memories.
Fitness Blondie will be the launching pad. Additionally, I want to write books. I have so many stories and ideas that I want to tell. If everything comes together full circle and I do become successful, the last thing I want to do is travel and give motivational speeches. I have an entrepreneurial spirit and all three of my big goals are directly related.
So there are my hopes and dreams. Of course there are a plethora of details on how I plan to execute these visions, but at least that provides an overview so I hopefully make sense in my actions and words.
I think I am doing OK thus far with my blog. I have been writing for 14 months with a couple of small breaks due to unfortunate circumstances. I try to do a good mix of posts, be consistent, and always authentic. However, you cant force someone to like you, so I do what I can, and the rest is up to fate. I am still in the middle of my weight loss journey with 25 more pounds to lose, which I am continuing by clean eating and following my exercise regimen. In the meantime, I work a full-time job that enables me to have a roof over my head and food on my table.
With all of that being listed and said, in March I started planning my first book called Fearless. It is to be a memoir in depth about my life with recipes not shown on the blog, specific details on different workout plans I have created throughout the years, etc. I was well into writing, but then I realized I am not ready. I am not as fearless as I want to be yet. I am still developing. Nor do I feel like my story in life has been written enough for me to share. So I put it on hold. To be frank, I do not feel worthy to write Fearless just yet. Keyword: yet. I go back to the drawing board to think about what I am going to do next. Finally, last month, I knew the book I needed to write.
So that is where I am right now. This is the "sneak peak" and the announcement. It feels deeply intimate to be sharing this; I feel as if I am standing naked in front of crowd. I know some are going to think my book synopsis is stupid and that I will never be published or make it, and that is alright. It is to be expected when you open yourself up to the world.
As far as the logistics on my book, I do not really have any... yet. I have a good friend who is lawyer that is going to help, and I am in speaking with a person who has a career in the industry. I am receiving a bit of guidance and I am learning.
I hope to finish the book by the end of September. I am not one to say I am going to do something and then not do it. I may not finish it by the deadline, and if I dont, it will certainly be by October. I work well under pressure, but I do not want to burn out. I still have a full-time job, this blog, 25 pounds to lose, and an apartment and cat to take of. Ha. But I am working hard. Because right now, it is do or die. Im making sacrifices. I do not know what I will do about publishing. There are a lot of different avenues and possibilities, thus I will carefully access all choices that could be available for me.
Im scared. Honestly, I am so damn scared. There are so many celebrities who "write" books and people who are "better" than me who write; so why would anyone want to publish or read what I have to say? What if they laugh at me for thinking I could possibly make this dream a reality? What if people think I am delusional for thinking a dream like this could be plausible? Thoughts like that are coursing through my mind every step of the way. However this time, thats not going to stop me. This time, Im going to be fearless and try.
Over the next couple of months, I want to periodically share excerpts and updates on the book and how the process is progressing. I may share a specific senario, quote, or paragraph; it will vary. I just want to keep it interesting, get the word out, try to spread it, and receive any feedback or comments anyone may have.
Here goes nothing.
As far as the logistics on my book, I do not really have any... yet. I have a good friend who is lawyer that is going to help, and I am in speaking with a person who has a career in the industry. I am receiving a bit of guidance and I am learning.
I hope to finish the book by the end of September. I am not one to say I am going to do something and then not do it. I may not finish it by the deadline, and if I dont, it will certainly be by October. I work well under pressure, but I do not want to burn out. I still have a full-time job, this blog, 25 pounds to lose, and an apartment and cat to take of. Ha. But I am working hard. Because right now, it is do or die. Im making sacrifices. I do not know what I will do about publishing. There are a lot of different avenues and possibilities, thus I will carefully access all choices that could be available for me.
Im scared. Honestly, I am so damn scared. There are so many celebrities who "write" books and people who are "better" than me who write; so why would anyone want to publish or read what I have to say? What if they laugh at me for thinking I could possibly make this dream a reality? What if people think I am delusional for thinking a dream like this could be plausible? Thoughts like that are coursing through my mind every step of the way. However this time, thats not going to stop me. This time, Im going to be fearless and try.
Over the next couple of months, I want to periodically share excerpts and updates on the book and how the process is progressing. I may share a specific senario, quote, or paragraph; it will vary. I just want to keep it interesting, get the word out, try to spread it, and receive any feedback or comments anyone may have.
Available link for download
Thursday, July 20, 2017
Tuesday, July 18, 2017
Pregnancy Week by Week Week 9 and Week 10
Pregnancy Week by Week Week 9 and Week 10
Weeks 9 and 10 were complete opposites. Week 9 was a bit rough. For a combination of reasons, I couldnt sleep through the night that week. We had a bizarre heat wave in Chicago (in March!), I was getting up to pee all the time, I simply couldnt get comfortable in bed, and I found myself starving - not hungry, starving! - in the middle of the night.
Good news was, I didnt feel tired or lethargic during the day. More than anything, I just wanted to enjoy a good nights sleep. Oh well, it simply wasnt in the cards during week 9.
Week 10 was a breeze. I felt fantastic and was sleeping again. No more standing in the kitchen eating cereal at 4am! That week we also celebrated Mr. Fix-Its 33rd birthday. It was a nice change of pace to get dressed up and head out for the evening, because wed been pretty low-key over the past several weeks. Im not a huge drinker, but having a fancy meal sure does make you crave a good glass of red.
Oh! And I just remembered a funny story from around this time. Mr. Fix-It and I went out with friends for dinner and then made our way to a local bar. I played the, "Oh, I dont know what I want yet" card and then several minutes later sent Mr. Fix-It to get me a vodka sprite (hold the vodka) wink wink. I was proud of our covert operation until I took a GULP. Booze! Ugh. I had taken a serious sip. It was, in fact, the bar tenders fault. He had handed Mr. Fix-It the wrong drink, while my virgin-faux-booze sat on the bar. Sorry, little baby, it was an accident. Oh, and I should add, I then proceeded to chug gobs of water to dilute alcohol intake. Poor child.
Available link for download
Thursday, July 13, 2017
Pride and Prejudice and Zombies Full Movie Download Watch Online Movie
Pride and Prejudice and Zombies Full Movie Download Watch Online Movie
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Friday, July 7, 2017
Wednesday, July 5, 2017
Prabhas vs Aamir Khan Will Baahubali 2 and Dangal clash at box office in 2016
Prabhas vs Aamir Khan Will Baahubali 2 and Dangal clash at box office in 2016
It would seem that the year 2016 will end in a stupendous style with regards to film discharges. There is enormous news for all film devotees and if this ends up being valid, then this Christmas season will see two major motion pictures discharging. As indicated by driving media reports, Prabhas starrer Baahubali – The Conclusion which is otherwise called Baahubali 2 will conflict in the cinema world with Aamir Khan starrer Dangal.
We as a whole realize that shoot of Baahubali – The Conclusion and "Dangal" is going ahead in full constrain. Truth be told, the lead stars of both the movies are experiencing thorough makeover with a specific end goal to depict their character splendidly. Baahubali 2 will be the spin-off of its part wherein it would be continuation from where it finished. This showstopper film coordinated by S.S. Rajamouli has officially won hearts with its initial segment and the fans just cant hold up to watch the second part.
Then again, Mr. Stickler of Bollywood Aamir Khan has finished two calendars of the Nitesh Tiwari directorial motion picture. The performer who needed to put on weight to wear the ideal wrestler look will now shedding 25 kilos to play the more youthful rendition of Mahavir Singh Phogat. Aamir wills identity assuming the part of a wrestler in the film may need to wrestle in the cinema world as well if this conflict happens.
The discharge date of Baahubali – The Conclusion has not been uncovered it. Be that as it may, it would be a fascinating as in individuals will be in a situation of which film to watch first. We get it will be intense end simply like what happened in the year 2015. "Dilwale" and Bajirao Mastani were two major movies that had conflicted in the cinema world toward the end of the year and the outcomes were wonderful. How about we hold up and watch if Baabhubali 2 and "Dangal" conflicts in the cinematic world or not.
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Saturday, July 1, 2017
Press Conference Remarks by Kevin Kumashiro Isabel Nuñez David Stovall Therese Quinn Erica Meiners and Julie Woestehoff
Press Conference Remarks by Kevin Kumashiro Isabel Nuñez David Stovall Therese Quinn Erica Meiners and Julie Woestehoff
Compilation of Comments for CReATE Press Conference
3/26/12, 11am, Hull-House Museum
(1) Kevin Kumashiro (Primary Contact Person)
Professor of Asian American Studies and Education
University of Illinois at Chicago
President-Elect, National Association for Multicultural Education
kevink@uic.edu, 773-996-8530
University of Illinois at Chicago
President-Elect, National Association for Multicultural Education
kevink@uic.edu, 773-996-8530
Good morning, and thank you for coming. My name is Kevin Kumashiro. I am a professor of Asian American Studies and the former chair of Educational Policy Studies here at the University of Illinois at Chicago. I am the president-elect of the National Association for Multicultural Education, and I am also a coordinator of a citywide network of educational researchers called CReATE (Chicagoland Researchers and Advocates for Transformative Education).
This morning, CReATE delivered to Mayor Rahm Emanuel, Chicago Public Schools CEO Jean-Claude Brizard, and the Chicago School Board an open letter of concern, titled “Misconceptions and Realities about Teacher and Principal Evaluation.” Signed by 88 professors and researchers who specialize in education from 15 different universities throughout the Chicago and surrounding areas, this letter describes our concerns regarding Chicago’s implementation of legislation for the evaluation of teachers and principals, and offers our recommendations for moving forward.
This is not the first time that we have issued a joint statement. Over a year ago, we began to issue statements and reports to contrast CPS’s approaches to school reform with the research on school reform. And our messages have been consistent: that some of Chicago’s school reforms lack a sound research basis, and more significantly, that research has already proven some of these reforms to be detrimental to student learning and success.
These messages similarly frame our open letter about teacher evaluation. The 2010 amendment to the Illinois School Code, known as the Performance Evaluation Review Act (PERA), requires districts to include “student growth” as a significant portion of teacher and principal evaluation. Our letter describes three main concerns:
First, timing. CPS is moving forward with plans to implement the new evaluation system in the fall of 2012, but CPS is not ready to implement a teacher-evaluation system that is based on significant use of “student growth.” PERA requires the use of multiple assessments, but CPS has not yet developed all of the assessments, has not yet field-tested them, and has not yet trained teachers and principals on how to use them effectively.
Second, validity. Under PERA, “Student growth” will be measured primarily using value-added models, as by looking at changes in test scores over time. But recently, ten of the nation’s leading scholars on assessment wrote a joint letter cautioning against teacher-evaluation approaches that use value-added models, because such models can be unstable (they can vary from year to year or even from test to test for the same group). Furthermore, such models were developed to assess student change, not teacher efficacy, so to use the models for a different purpose should first require more field-testing and development.
Third, impact. We have already seen the results of placing increased value on tests: a more narrow curriculum, less cooperation between teachers, less desire to work with students with special needs—that is, this overemphasis on test scores results not in increased success for our students, but the opposite.
As researchers who specialize in education, we believe that hurried implementation of teacher evaluation using student growth will result in inaccurate assessments of our teachers and decreased learning among the children in our care. We support accountability and high standards. We want what is best for our students. We believe, however, that an unproven and potentially harmful evaluation system is not the path to lasting school improvement. We therefore make two recommendations for moving forward:
1. Pilot and adjust the evaluation system before implementing it on a large scale.
2. Minimize the percentage that student growth counts in teacher or principal evaluation.
In moving to develop and implement reforms that are based in sound research and that are field-tested locally, we hope that CPS will consult with the professors and researchers among us who bring both scholarly and practical expertise on these issues, and we look forward to the opportunity to serve.
With me are several members of CReATE, who will elaborate on our open letter. Professor Isabel Nunez of Concordia University Chicago will discuss misconceptions of testing. Professor David Stovall of the University of Illinois at Chicago will discuss the impact of testing on students. Professor Therese Quinn of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago will discuss the role of teachers in a democratic society. Professor Erica Meiners of Northeastern Illinois University will discuss the relationship between this initiative and other reform initiatives, revealing the bigger picture of school reform. We also invited a response from Julie Woestehoff, executive director of PURE (Parents United for Responsible Education). And we’ll conclude with time for questions.
(2) Isabel Nuñez
Associate Professor of Foundations, Social Policy and Research, Concordia University Chicago
The centrality of test scores in the new approach to teacher and principal evaluation is of particular concern to educational researchers. Testing in general is such a priority that the first CReATE research brief was devoted to countering the misconceptions that underlie its use and overuse. You can read more about some of the issues we raise today in that document, which is available on our website.
First, testing is not “the way it’s always been done.” Large-scale educational testing was born in the early 1900s at a particular time in history: the industrial revolution. Some might argue that the limited range of achievement that tests can measure was appropriate when preparing for the early-to-mid 20th century workforce, but in today’s globalized, information-based economy, “student growth” must be more meaningfully defined and assessed.
Next, if we are going to make the mistake of reducing student growth to an ascending diagonal on a line graph, we must at the very least abide by the principles of measurement. The discipline of testing, called psychometrics, is governed by rules, and the uses of testing proposed in the new system of evaluation break some of the most fundamental of these.
The first important consideration of testing is purpose. The process of test construction is so specialized that an instrument designed for one purpose cannot be effectively used for another. As we state in the letter:
Assessments designed to evaluate student learning are not necessarily valid for measuring teacher effectiveness or student learning growth. Using them to measure the latter is akin to using a meter stick to weigh a person.
What makes this even more frightening is that many of the likely contenders to be Type I and Type II assessments were not even designed to evaluate student learning, but instead to compare performance. Most large scale standardized achievement tests are scored by norm-referencing, a process of ranking, which ensures that 50 percent of test-takers score below the 50th percentile, no matter how high the overall level of mastery.
You may hear from their defenders that tests like the ISAT also report “criterion-referenced” scores, which are not ranked. However, for scores to be able to be ranked, each item must garner only 50% correct responses, which seriously compromises the test’s value for reflecting mastery of all the standards. It is incredibly inappropriate to draw inferences about student achievement based on such tests, much less to base educator evaluations on them.
Even if we use the best tests possible, it is a core truth of psychometrics that no test is completely reliable: Error is a component of every attained score. For this reason, test developers, academic bodies and professional associations alike warn against attaching severe consequences to performance on any test.
Clearly, this is not the first instance of schools systems riding roughshod over the principles of measurement. It is, however, a distressing extension of the destructive misuse of test scores, which has already brought terrible harm to the children of Chicago.
(3) David Stovall
Associate Professor of Educational Policy Studies and African American Studies
University of Illinois at Chicago
University of Illinois at Chicago
(4) Therese Quinn: therese.quinn@gmail.com, 773.459.3775
Associate Professor and Chair of Art Education
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
Over 100 years ago, Margaret Haley, the Chicago elementary school teacher who was also the founder of the first American teachers’ union, argued for a vision of public schools as the center of our democracy. However, she proposed, schools can democratize society only if schools themselves are democratic. Haley and another maverick, Ella Flagg Young, a prodigy who passed her teaching examinations at age 15 and went on to become the first woman to serve as superintendent of a major American city, both argued that teachers must play central roles in school administration and policy-making, and, as professionals who are critical to the nation, must have opportunities and support to continue to grow intellectually throughout their working lives. Without this, they claimed, schools would become little more than factories, with rote assignments administered by teachers relegated to the role of automatons.
The issues and debates about education then were much the same as they are today. What’s different is that we now have decades of evidence showing that Haley and Flagg were right. For example, the nation with the most successful education system by many measures, including highest students scores and smallest spread of scores between schools is Finland, a country in which all curriculum is local and developed by teachers who are charged with designing and pursuing high standards and shared targets within their professional communities. Yet these high levels of success and responsibility don’t translate into top-down mandates. The schools are democratically organized and decisions are made laterally. Teachers evaluate their students, and collaboratively design ways to assess and improve school-wide successes. Students spend less time in school that those in most other industrialized nations and Finnish teachers spend less time teaching than do teachers in many other countries, and are not required to be present at their schools when they don’t have classes or other duties.
The Finnish education scholar Pasi Sahlberg describes a system in which teaching is consistently rated as one of the most desirable and admired professions, ahead of doctors, architects and lawyers. Finnish teachers are considered knowledge workers, education leaders, and critical members of their communities and the nation. So what are we doing wrong?
While we should certainly learn from the successful educational systems designed by our global neighbors, we should also look back at the insights of our home-grown visionaries in education, like Margaret Haley and Ella Flagg Young. They pointed to the need for what Finland has put into practice and proven as successful for students—a public education system that supports and trusts its teachers.
Sources:
Rousmaniere, K. (2005). Citizen teacher: The life and leadership of Margaret Haley. Albany, NY: State University of New York.
Salhberg, P. (2011). Finnish lessons: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? New York: Teachers College Press.
(5) Erica Meiners
Professor of Educational Foundations, Women’s Studies, and Latina/o and Latin American Studies
Northeastern Illinois University
Northeastern Illinois University
This is another example of a top down reforms that have little basis in research from Chicagos unelected school board. As we have recently seen in NYC, the forced implementation of teacher evaluation models that are based on student scores on standardized tests results in inaccurate evaluations of our teachers and a further demonization of a valuable profession. In NYC researchers and teachers voices have been uniform in critiquing the unreliability of the approximately 18 000 teachers that were recently assessed through the "value-added" teacher evaluation model. Again, research tells us what will build stronger schools for our communities - smaller class sizes, parent and guardian involvement and healthy communities. When one in four Americans lives in poverty, we need strong leadership from our city to support schools as spaces for transformation - not shifting the blame.
(6) Julie Woestehoff: 773-715-3989; pure@pureparents.org
Executive Director
Parents United for Responsible Education (PURE)
Parents United for Responsible Education (PURE)
Good morning. Im Julie Woestehoff, executive director of Parents United for Responsible Education, or PURE, and co-founder of the national group Parents Across America.
Im very glad to be here today. Its so important for parents and the general public to hear what education experts are saying about education policy. Unfortunately, most of what passes for education expertise these days comes from wealthy corporate reformers and people who make money off of education. They dont have any real education credentials, but theyre too often the ones our lawmakers listen to, and too often the ones who have the most influence in decision making about the kind of education our children receive. Parents prefer to listen to educators.
Im here representing a growing body of parents who strongly oppose the use of student test scores as significant factors in evaluating teachers, which the Chicago Public Schools is proposing to do beginning this fall.
Parents already feel that there is too much emphasis on testing in schools, and too much time wasted on testing thats taking away from teaching. In his 2012 State of the Union message, President Obama said teachers should stop teaching to the test. Yet Secretary of Education Arne Duncan has been pressuring states into making standardized tests play an even more dominant role in education, especially in his demand that states pass laws tying teacher evaluation to student test scores in order to compete for federal funds.
Last year, Parents Across America wrote a position paper and a fact sheet* about the dangers of tying teacher jobs and compensation to test scores. In preparing those reports, we found out that real education experts have been warning policy makers that judging teachers using student annual test results or score growth over time is unreliable, unfair, and counterproductive. The CReATE experts are warning us today that CPS is moving in the wrong direction with its plans.
I want to thank CReATE for including the parents perspective in this press conference. Too often, parents are left out of these critical discussions. PURE was disappointed when the Illinois legislature defined the process for developing Chicagos teacher evaluation system as simply a negotiation between the union and the district. Teacher evaluation is not just a contractual issue. It is an issue of educational quality that will have just as much impact on our children as it will on their teachers. There is no doubt that a poorly-designed system, one that relies too heavily on existing flawed tests, or on assessments that have not even been written yet, will negatively affect our children and their educational opportunities.
Its time to listen more to real educational experts like those that have formed CReATE and less to people who are more interested in political or financial profit than in making our public schools stronger.
Its also time to listen to parents, who are demanding better, sounder education policies that are supported by research. We believe that teachers should be evaluated by robust systems that use multiple measures, as well as parent and peer input, to identify their weaknesses, help them improve, and weed out those unsuited to the profession. Concerned parents and community members should insist on fair, reliable, broad-based systems of evaluation, as well as on the other kinds of support that teachers need to succeed.
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*PAAs position paper, Tying Teacher Salaries to Test Scores Doesnt Work, is here: http://parentsacrossamerica.org/performancepay/
Our related fact sheet is here:
http://parentsacrossamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/PAAperformancepayfacts.pdf
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Parents United for Responsible Education is an award-winning parent-organized, parent-run public school advocacy group established in 1987 and based in Chicago. PURE’s overall goal is to assure a high-quality education for all children. Our main strategy is to support active, informed, meaningful parent participation in the public schools. PURE offers information, advocacy and other support for parents and local school councils. PURE has a special role in focusing on issues from the parents point of view. PUREs membership and constituency are multiracial, multi-cultural and economically diverse. Find us at www.pureparents.org.
Parents Across America (PAA) is a grassroots organization that connects parents and activists from across the U.S. to share ideas and work together on improving our nation’s public schools. We advocate for proven, progressive measures such as reducing class size and increasing parent involvement, and oppose high-stakes testing and corporate-style efforts to privatize our schools. PAA is committed to bringing the voice of public school parents – and common sense – to local, state, and national education debates. Visit our web site, www.parentsacrossamerica.org for more.
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